NEWSLETTER No 49 May 2000

Archives

THIS MONTH

Bone Marrow Biopsy - An aid to diagnosis
BSAVA Congress Report
Clin Path Club Notice 
Summertime Blues - Avoiding haemolysis
BSAVA Congress Draw Winner
Test for Enterotoxin - Test for Clostridium perfringens toxin
Tail End: 1 in 10 Rams are gay?


Bone Marrow Biopsy
A valuable aid to interpretation and diagnosis
INDICATIONS
Bone marrow evaluation is indicated when abnormalities seen in the peripheral blood suggest a pathological condition involving the bone marrow. The most common indications are neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, poorly regenerative anaemia, or a combination thereof. These haematological abnormalities should not be readily explained by the history or clinical examination or biochemistry profile. For example animals with severe renal disease may have a non-regenerative anaemia due to reduced erythropoietin production by the kidney. If this is suspected it is more appropriate to check erythropoietin levels first (these can be measured in the dog only). Examples of proliferative abnormalities include persistent thrombocytosis, leucocytosis, abnormal cell morphology, or unexplained presence of immature cells in the blood.

Bone marrow evaluation may be used to assess marrow involvement in some neoplastic conditions such as lymphoid or mast cell neoplasia and multiple myeloma. It can also be used to identify suspected infectious disease such as Toxoplasma gondii infection (also, but usually only in imported animals in the UK; Leishmania donovani and Histoplasma capsulatum infections).

PROCEDURE
Bone marrow aspiration biopsies may be collected from the iliac crest, trochanteric fossa of the femur, proximal humerus and sternebrae of dogs and cats. The iliac crest in large dogs and the trochanteric fossa in small dogs and cats are most commonly used because they are most accessible and require least chemical restraint. The sternebrae should be avoided in small dogs and cats due to the risk of penetration of the thoracic cavity. For the same reason the ribs should only be used for incisional biopsies. In larger, obese or well-muscled dogs the trochanteric fossa may not be accessible and in older dogs the cortical bone of the trochanteric fossa may be so dense that penetration of the marrow cavity is difficult. In small dogs and cats the small diameter of the bones makes the trochanteric fossa the site of preference.

A detailed method sheet is available on request. Please ask for: Bone Marrow Biopsy Method 
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BSAVA CONGRESS REPORT
Full to Busting 
Congress gets busier year on year. This year attendance was apparently  over 7,000. It is interesting to note the large numbers of veterinary nurses that now attend congress.

Congress has clearly outgrown the ICC. The commercial exhibitors are scattered far and wide throughout the darkest corners of the venue. At the same time those attending conference find it increasingly difficult to find a seat in the lectures or even a piece of floor to sit on in the overflow areas. At lunch break it is almost impossible to move inside or outside the ICC with bodies parked on every seat, stair and  piece of carpet. The attractive canal area to the rear of the building proving particularly popular with the lunchbox picnickers enjoying the sunny springtime weather.

Business on the stand was particularly brisk with a constant stream of visitors. As much as we complain about the stand location, the expense and the preparation required to attend Congress one of the great compensations is meeting clients. There are the increasingly older familiar faces and those clients we have not had the pleasure of meeting before. Then there is of course the challenge of convincing the unwary that NWL is the place to send your lab samples. 

For those who do not normally attend congress it has to be said that it has to be the highlight of the veterinary calendar. The ICC despite being stretched to capacity is an excellent facility and Birmingham itself has been transformed out of all recognition in the time that it has hosted Congress. The area around the Convention Centre extending through Centenary Square and into the city centre has to be seen to be appreciated. Broad Street is unrecognisable from the days of the Bingly Hall when it was the centre for government surplus shops, tatooists and ladies of the night. The ladies of the night may or may not still be part of the scene but the area now boasts some of the best restaurants, hotels, pubs and liveliest nightspots in Brum. It looks like next year or certainly, the year after will see an expansion of Congress into the adjacent National Arena. It is proposed that the commercial exhibition will be moved in with the “Gladiators” in the Arena together with some of the lectures. (Remember you read it here first) Maybe the organisers should look carefully at the lecture programme at the same time. Many delegates complained this year that lectures are becoming rather esoteric with little of interest to the practitioner. Maybe they should take note of another common complaint from the nurses: viz. they could not get into their lectures for the veterinary surgeons taking up the seats!
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Clin Path Club
The next meeting will be on Thursday 11th May 2000 
At Ribby Hall Conference Centre, Ribby Road, Kirkham.
Starting at 8.00 pm, finish approx 10.00 pm 
Tea, coffee and biscuits will be available from 7.30pm.

Programme

- Alan Leyland BVSc MRCVS: Atypical Dermatopathies or skins that make you pull your hair out
- Case Book Forum
- Open discussion
To book your place or for further information or a location map call Client Services on 01253 899215 or visit the web site at www.nwlabs.co.uk

If you have an interesting case you would like to present to the meeting please contact Geraldine Hale MRCVS on the above number.

The Clin Path Club is open to all Veterinary Surgeons, you do not have to be an NWL client. The CPC is an informal gathering for the exchange of information and expertise. So far meetings have attracted around 25 veterinary surgeons from throughout the North West. Please come along and socialise.

Dairy Date – Meeting 13th July: Duncan Midgley – Chemotherapy in Orthopaedics,
NOTE: Change of venue for 13th July meeting to Myerscough College, Bilsborough., Nr Preston.
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Summertime Blues
The temperature is rising - save your samples
Summer is almost upon us. Unfortunately as the temperature rises so does the incidence of haemolysed samples we receive. The degree of haemolysis in a sample is directly proportional to ambient temperature. If you have been thinking of investing in a centrifuge this could be a good time to take the plunge.

Serum, heparin and citrate samples should be separated before despatch to the laboratory. With Gel tubes it is important to allow sufficient time for clotting to take place (30min) before trying to centrifuge samples. Do not spin too fast or for too long (check the manual or your centrifuge supplier for the information). Heparin or citrate samples can be allowed to settle if you do not have a centrifuge and the plasma carefully drawn off. 
If you cannot separate samples avoid posting at the weekend. Thank you.
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BSAVA Draw Winner
Thank you to everyone who visited the stand at Congress with their draw tickets. Our congratulations to the winner of the £100 book voucher:-

Mandy Seivewright
Head Nurse
Anchorage Veterinary Hospital
Norwich
The question that caught most people out was “Name the animals on the front cover of the Price List” The answer was dog, cat, horse, cow and the one in the background that most people missed, Toucan or bird would have done. It shows how careful you have to be wording questions by using the word “Name” we did receive a few answers in the vein; Fido, Tiddles, Dobbin, Daisy and Guinness. 
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Clostridial Enterotoxin
New test for bacterial enterotoxin
Clostridium perfringens is an organism which occurs as a commensal in the bowel but toxigenic strains have been associated with chronic relapsing diarrhoea in dogs and colitis in cats.

Isolation of the organism in culture is not necessarily significant but identification of the enterotoxin is diagnostic. 

The testing for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin is an essential diagnostic aid in the investigation of these conditions. A test for clostridial enterotoxin in faeces is now available.

Test Name = Clostridial Enterotoxin: Code = CT: Sample = Faeces: Charge = £15.00

A Giardia ELISA tests is also available. 

Please contact the laboratory for further information.
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Tail End
One in 10 rams are gay! 
Animal behaviourist Anne Perkins has just opened the lid on animal homosexuality - saying that it closely echoes the world of human homosexuality. Her experiments, conducted at Carroll College in Helena, Montana, have revealed that as many as one in 10 rams are homosexual.

In a forthcoming book, Sexual Orientation: towards a better understanding, she claims to have found physiological differences between the brains of gay sheep and straight sheep. She has also devised a simple blood test to determine whether lambs born to such rams are destined to grow up to be homosexuals. 

Post-mortem examination revealed that gay rams had lower levels of activity in the pre-optic area of the brain - which is known to have a role in sexual behaviour in all mammals. They also had higher levels of oestradiol in their brains; leading Perkins to conclude that the animals' homosexuality is physiological in nature and not just a behavioural trait. Gay rams deliberately seek out other rams, she says, and ignored ewes altogether, even when they were in a field full of ewes and had been deprived of contact with rams for several days.

"I've worked with some of the leading members of the gay community," says Perkins, "and some of them are delighted, because they've always been convinced that homosexuality is biological."
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