NEWSLETTER No 59 April 2001 

Archives

THIS MONTH 
CHEK ITCH New test for canine allergy diagnosis
Campylobacter infection in puppies and kittens
Clin Path Club March meeting report
Clin Path Club Next meeting
Clin Path Club Dates for 2001
FAQ's Treating feline hyperthyroidism
Link of the Month
Tail End: Frisky cats abandon traditional values

CHEK ITCH - New Test for Canine Allergy Diagnosis
New test for canine allergy diagnosis and a new immunotherapy product

Allergy testing is once again available. We have been unable to provide allergy testing for some time. This was due to problems with previous test suppliers. 

A completely new test has been sourced and has been on trial for the past few months. The new test has been found to offer a reliable and cost effective diagnostic test for canine allergy. The new test is complemented by an new innovative immunotherapy product. The allergy test system has been developed in Switzerland specifically for use in canines and has shown to be very specific. One of the principle differences between the new test and others available on the market is the relatively small range of allergens covered by the test. 
As most allergy test systems available in the UK were developed in the USA there has been a tendency to follow the American marketing approach. Allergy testing in the USA is big business with large dedicated laboratories competing savagely for business. One of the principle marketing ploys in use is to offer the widest possible range of allergens regardless of their diagnostic significance. The largest proportion of atopic dogs show allergic reaction to dust and forage mites followed by grass and weed pollens. The trial work undertaken in Switzerland suggest that allergens covered by Check-Itch the NWL test are those shown to be most commonly encountered in the European environment. The result is a test which appears to be more sensitive and patients identified by the test responds well to immunotherapy.

To support the new allergy test we have sourced an innovative new immunotherapy product. This will be formulated to your individual prescription based on the allergy test result and will be supplied to you directly by the licensed manufacturer. 

The preparation will be composed of characterised and standardised allergen extracts. The allergenic potency will be expressed in therapeutic units (TU) which vary dependant upon the formulation and the weight of the patient. The allergen extracts are adsorbed on to the physiological amino acid L-tyrosine, this imparts the product with distinctive adjuvant properties. The L-tyrosine is completely metabolised as an endogenic substance during the intermediary metabolic process. This slows absorption and minimises the possible formation of a granuloma at the site of injection and reduces the risk of adverse reactions.

For further information contact Client Services.
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Campylobacter Infections

Campylobacter is a common cause of diarrhoea in puppies and kittens 

Campylobacter jejuni is the organism associated with diarrhoea in both man and dogs and cats. It is more prevalent in kennel situations. Puppies and kittens are especially susceptible as they have not the protective antibodies developed by most adults but stressed or immunocompromised animals are also at risk.
Healthy dogs and cats can carry the organism without symptoms but the organism is more often isolated in cases of diarrhoea than in normal animals.

As with most enteric pathogens, the faecal oral route is the most common means of transmission, with contaminated food and water also important. Chicken meat is a common source. 
Severity of disease depends on:-

  • The number of organisms actually taken in (the infective dose). 
  • The development of protective antibody (or lack of it) from a previous exposure.
  • Other concurrent infections, eg Salmonella or particularly importantly, Parvovirus infection. 
  • Other stresses eg environmental/surgical/ physiological, may leave an individual open to infection. 
Diarrhoea can be acute with mucus/blood/watery faeces with or without anorexia and vomiting. The diarrhoea can be present for a few days, up to two weeks or in some cases can be intermittent or present for several months. Faecal culture is important for diagnosis and for monitoring response to treatment. Enteric pathogens can be intermittently shed so up to three samples taken at 48 hour intervals would be required. These can be pooled if necessary, as can samples from different patients in the same group. 

Treatment is most effective using Erythromycin at 40mg/kg in divided doses. Occasionally it causes vomiting but if the treatment is stopped for 24 hours and then restarted it usually settles down especially if the dose is given with food. Treatment for 5-10 days is advised with re-sampling 10 days later.

Dogs and cats can be a source of infection for people who are actually more susceptible. Hygiene is paramount. The major risk factor for humans remains the eating of undercooked chicken or other meat. Interestingly undercooked meat is the prime source of Toxoplasmosis in humans too but that is another story.

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CLIN PATH CLUB March Meeting Report
Good attendance despite FMD scare

The last few meetings of the Clin Path Club have been blighted by man made and natural disasters, from floods to a petrol famine. We thought Foot and Mouth was going to affect attendance at the March meeting, I am delighted to say that despite the obvious problems that the FMD outbreak was causing for some members the attendance was gratifying. 

A rapt audience were overwhelmed by the enthusiasm and expertise of our speaker for the evening Mr Romain Pizzi BVSc MSc MRCVS, who was talking on the subject of reptiles and amphibians. Romain has a vast experience of the subject and that was clearly demonstrated by his detailed knowledge and fund of practical hints and tips which were gratefully recorded by the audience. The talk was illustrated with a comprehensive and varied collection of slides.

Having recently joined David Delmage in Blackpool, Romain has found the Hoteliers and Landladies of the resort to have a vast range of exotic pets on which he can practice his skills.

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CLIN PATH CLUB 
Next Meeting: Thursday 10th May 2001 

Venue: Myerscough College, Bowland Suite, Bilsborough, Lancashire 

Speaker: Thurs 10th May - Pip Boydell BVet Med CertVOpthal MRCVS: A philosphical approach to seizures in the dog

Case book studies: If you would like to present an interesting case please contact Jane Miller on 01253 899215. 

The Clin Path Club meetings are open to all veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses. Click for more information.
To book your place, request further information or a location map call Joanne Kenyon on 01253 899215 or contact Client services

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CLIN PATH CLUB - Dates for 2001 
Please make a note in your diary of the forthcoming meetings on the following dates:- 

  • Thurs 19th July - Prof Kenton Morgan BA VetMB PhD MRCVS: Epidemiology
  • Thurs 20th September - To be arranged
  • Thurs 15th November - Geoff Skerritt BVSc Dip ECVN CBiol MIBiol FRCVS: Subject to be confirmed.
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    FAQ’s
    Q I have been treating a 13 year old female DSH with maintenance doses of Carbimazole, 15mg bid p/o), for 3 months. Clinically the cat has responded very well and all signs of hyperthyroidism have either improved or resolved. When I decided to check the total serum T4 concentration I was alarmed to find it was very low at <13 nmol/l. Should I reduce the dose of Carbimazole, and if so, by how much?

    A When monitoring total serum T4 in cats receiving Carbimazole therapy it is not unusual to find the levels decreased below the reference range (19-65 nmol/l).
    In the vast majority of cases clinical signs of hypothyroidism do not develop. This is thought to be due to total serum T3 concentrations remaining within the normal range either because of enhanced extra-thyroidal deiodisation of T4, or increased thyroidal production of T3.
    For cats with clinically well controlled thyroid disease it is important not to decrease the dose of Carbimazole as this could result in under-dosage with signs of hyperthyroidism recurring in as little as 24 hours.

    References: Manual of Small Animal Endocrinology, 2nd  Edition, Chapter 16.Carmel T. Mooney.
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    Link of the Month
    Walking with Woodlice You may think that once you've seen one woodlouse, you've seen them all. But a closer inspection reveals a very different picture. If you are seeking answers to these burning questions...

    • Where do woodlice live? 
    • Which woodlice live where? 
    • How common are different woodlice? 
    You really need to visit this site.........

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    Tail End 
    Dirty dogs get a blow job
    A Japanese property company has introduced dog showers in blocks of flats to cope with the nation's horror of dirt. 

    In a major new tower block development a "canine foot shower" has been introduced which owners use to rinse dirt off their dog's feet after a walk. They have also installed a "grooming room", in which owners can shower and blow dry their pet after a muddy walk in the park. 

    Japanese are scrupulously clean, bathing at least once a day and taking their shoes off before entering the house. Many see pets as dirty and smelly and do not want to share their buildings with them. Large pets are normally banned. A major landlord, said: "As Japan's population ages and the birth rate falls more and more customers have been asking if they could keep pets and more residents were keeping pets secretly. So we decided we had to accept this and deal with it."

    To keep their none-pet owning neighbours happy residents who get in the lift with a pet must press a button that will light a sign alerting anyone waiting on another floor that there is an animal aboard. This will ensure that pet-haters do not have the shock of meeting a dog when the doors open. Top


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